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Transformational Law: New Approaches Expand Choices in Law Practice
Washington State Bar Association, Bar News, February 2004
by J. Kim Wright, J.D.; Dolly M. Garlo, R.N., J.D., P.C.C.; and Marty Price, J.D.
Having replaced jousting and dueling, the adversarial method has served for centuries as virtually the only method of
dispute resolution western societies possess. But as the old saying goes: "If a hammer is your only tool, every
problem begins to look like a nail." Because lawyers are seen only as hammers, they tend to attract individuals
with sometimes vengeful motives, while large portions of the rest of society are repelled and want to "keep the
lawyers out of it," thus reducing the reputation of lawyers in the general field of dispute resolution. Mediators,
religious officials, neighborhood organizations, and many others have rushed to serve a public often yearning in
many cases for less-adversarial methods of dispute resolution, especially when the parties have an ongoing relationship
the adversarial system would tend to damage.
Within the last few years, there has been an explosion of new
approaches to practicing law that offer lawyers alternative tools for dispute resolution. While pre-dispute and
dispute-avoidance work have long been part of legal practice on the transactional side, these notions have
gained firmer footing in the dispute-resolution realm as well, by being more tech savvy, more aware of the
backgrounds of the parties, more spiritually aware, and more psychologically educated. All of this reflects
the diversity of ever-more informed and sophisticated consumers of legal services.
Besides offering practical benefits to clients, more attention to these new models of practice has
also had benefits for the lives and spirits of lawyers, individually and collectively, as is being documented
by ABA Journal Associate Editor Steven Keeva's research and writing on lawyers. Although Keeva chronicles
many different approaches, what they all seem to have in common is rejecting a strict focus on the "legally
relevant facts" to the exclusion of the context, and embracing the client's story and the potential for healing,
i.e., restoring the social fabric that has been ripped apart by the dispute. This exciting (and often redemptive)
shift for lawyers marks an important arena in which creative thinking and approaches to service can make an
important contribution to greatly increased job satisfaction for lawyers.
Susan Daicoff, professor
at Florida Coastal School of Law, has been instrumental in bringing this shift to the attention of the legal
profession and legal education. Daicoff, who is also a psychologist, was researching lawyer personality traits
and the high levels of lawyer distress when she discovered many lawyers breaking away from adversarial approaches
and creating new ways of practicing law. She noticed that these lawyers expressed higher satisfaction and
fulfillment with the practice of law, and began to study these new approaches. She began to see similarities
and a common foundation that she says is a decided shift in approach. Daicoff refers to the overall shift
as comprehensive law or transformational law, encompassing the notion of law as a healing profession.
Others have coined terms like holistic law, therapeutic jurisprudence, preventive law, restorative justice,
law and healing, collaborative law, transformative or transformational law, creative problem-solving, and
procedural justice.
Daicoff sees all of the comprehensive law practices as part of an overall evolution akin to
medicine's recent embrace of parts of alternative medicine. It began with early mediation and alternative
dispute resolution programs that have now been integrated into traditional legal practices. The comprehensive
law movement has expanded further from there, and now offers even more practice choices. Originally a math
major, Daicoff calls the different legal practice approaches "vectors," a term that indicates both magnitude
and direction. While each vector, or legal practice approach, is a bit different from the others, they all
have common characteristics. They represent a move away from what is increasingly being considered the negative
aspects of the adversarial process: the other-blaming, entitlement-oriented, position-taking, and hostile
one-upmanship behaviors in conflict resolution that have become the darlings of the media and sensationalized
talk shows. The new approaches add more cooperative, comprehensive, humanistic, healing, and even spiritual
aspects to the traditional forms of law practice being taught and utilized in the profession. The commonality
in the new approaches is that they are focused on optimizing human well-being by expressly seeking to eliminate
brutal and contentious adversarial approaches to advocacy and problem-solving, as well as to avoid legal
problems altogether. Rather than defining problems only as legal concerns (strict legal rights and obligations
demarcated by the boundaries of published statutes and judicial opinions), these more comprehensive approaches
include humanistic values such as overall well-being, relationships, feelings, needs, resources, meaning, values,
and goals — an idea that is described by the term "rights plus."
Each vector has initially developed independently with its own name and focus, often in different practice
areas. For example, collaborative law has become a popular tool in family law, and restorative justice is a
tool used in criminal law.
By whatever name, each of these approaches offers support for transforming the legal system to serve
other important needs besides rights-based litigation of disputes "solved" solely by the transfer of money, and
confirm the notion that other tools are sorely needed in order to solve disputes. The new techniques include the
following:
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Utilizing law as a modality for healing and helping, not only for resolving problems; |
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Focusing on the future and reconciling relationships — listening, forgiving, completing, and
moving on — rather than simply looking to the past and punishing transgressions; |
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Viewing legal issues in light of existing or ongoing relationships between the parties and the
greater community, for the purpose of improving connections rather than isolating or separating people; |
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Including preventive models, proactively identifying risks, and taking actions that will prevent conflict; |
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Creating win/win/win solutions where the parties involved, the underlying community, and
overarching societal values all benefit; |
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Fashioning a better world for all that is healthy, diverse, creative, and respectful of human rights and values; |
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Including a humanistic approach to law practice that is sensitive to the needs, values, and highest good of the client, society, and legal practitioners; |
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Consciously constructing a law-practice environment where judges, lawyers, and legal staff can grow; |
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Believing that legal problems occur within a system that is an organic process which can respond to the needs of clients, society, and lawyers alike; and |
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Defining a legal system that is based not only on problem solving, but also on enabling everyone to live and work together in peace. |
Note that these new visions in law are not intended to replace traditional practice, nor are they appropriate in every instance.
They are appropriate in many instances, but most lawyers are unable to apply them.
Over 95 percent of litigation, often filed simply to preserve legal rights, never makes it to trial and is resolved
outside of the courtroom. Settlement, by its very nature, is far more flexible than a courtroom. In a courtroom there might
be financial accountability, but there will never be an apology or an extended opportunity to explain. Witnesses and parties
can only answer the questions the lawyers pose. Thus, the prospect of having more tools for such out-of-court settlements
and resolutions is a foundation for these visionary practice developments.
The unhappiness of most lawyers with the practice has by now been so well documented that it need not be repeated here.
The inclusiveness of the comprehensive law movement focuses on solutions to this unhappiness by encouraging lawyers to design
their own practices to reflect the lawyers' personality types, unique behavioral styles, values, and goals, while being responsive
to what works best for each individual client and situation. An entire field of "coaching" has developed to help lawyers do just that.
A recent study concluded that 70 percent of the "winners" in litigation were unhappy in the end. One can safely assume that
close to 100 percent of the "losers" in litigation were also unhappy. Given the unhappiness of most lawyers, can we risk moving
beyond arbitration and "settlement conference mediation" to try some new approaches? Economics, at least, would suggest that lawyers
ignore the unhappiness around them at their own peril. And justice may demand that we hear our clients more fully. And some local
rules (as in Snohomish County) may already allow the parties to stipulate to other forms of dispute resolution.
Following are short summaries of some of the models and approaches you can investigate and try:
Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ)
Focus: Law's greater social impact and possible support for the healing needed after conflict is over.
TJ is an interdisciplinary perspective that focuses on the law's impact on the emotional and psychological
health of the participants in the legal system. The goal is to bring sensitivity into law practice. TJ focuses on listening
to clients with an awareness of psychological and emotional issues, including stress, confidence, and trust. TJ also looks
at the court system and how it impacts society. It provides a new contextual platform by which to look at the concept of
jurisprudence and the underlying purposes of the legal system.
Collaborative Law
Focus: Maintaining productive ongoing relationships between parties.
The founder of collaborative law is Stuart Webb of Minneapolis. Collaborative law was originally a family law model in
which the parties agree that their attorneys either withdraw rather than litigate, or that the parties and their attorneys
devote their energies for a defined period in order to achieve a collaborative solution prior to litigating. They focus on
resolution and problem-solving without the threat of court filings and process. Thus, unlike other forms of alternative dispute
resolution in which a lawsuit is filed first and then referred for mediation or arbitration, mutually satisfactory cooperative
resolution is the focus of all parties from the outset. Collaborative lawyers work with their clients and each other, volunteer
information to aid with resolution, and strive for a collegial atmosphere. Originally applied to divorces, collaborative law is
being applied anywhere ongoing relationships are involved, even if the ongoing relationship is the shared custody of children.
Holistic Justice or Holistic Law
Focus: Addressing the bigger picture of individual needs and
interests in application of the legal process.
In holistic law, lawyers look inward to identify and pursue their passions—to become whole themselves so that they may
help their clients remember how to use the legal process to do this, too. The basic focus in holistic law is looking at the whole
picture—the lawyer's role, the client's responsibility, the impact on the community—to find an answer to the situation that
benefits the greatest good and promotes healing and completion. Holistic lawyers are often trained in other disciplines, such
as healthcare, counseling, or energetic healing, and may use those skills in their legal work as well. The International
Alliance of Holistic Lawyers hosts annual conferences where holistic lawyers come together to network, share, and provide
support for this approach.
Preventive Law
Focus: Addressing underlying practical
concerns—communication, relationships, operating systems—as well as legal issues to avoid costly repeat problems.
Pioneered by Professor Ed Dauer at University of Denver College of Law (UDCL), preventive law refers to the approach in
which the parties and their attorneys are proactive in limiting their exposure to litigation. This is the term now recognized
to describe "minimiz[ing] the risk of legal disputes and maximiz[ing] professional opportunities [and providing] suggestions
for practicing law or business in compliance with the law so that individuals and corporations can best use their resources
and capitalize on their profits," states the website for The Preventive Law Reporter, a quarterly UDCL publication dedicated
to increasing the awareness and practice of preventive law.
The need of the legal profession to support the growth of
this approach has not escaped the notice of law schools. Founded originally at the UDCL in 1986, the National Center for
Preventive Law is now housed at California Western School of Law (CWSL). CWSL is also home to the Louis M. Brown Program
in Preventive Law. The late Louis Brown's work on preventive law dating back to the 1950s, is based on the premise that
clients are better served by investing resources in consultation and planning, rather than relying on litigation as the
primary means of addressing legal problems. This theory recognizes that while litigation is sometimes necessary, the fact
that one ends up in an adversarial proceeding may be evidence of a lack of planning or communication. By applying foresight,
lawyers may limit the frequency and scope of future legal problems. For example, in a corporate setting, a legal department
focused on preventive law would put its attention on training and educating managers to predict and prevent conflicts among
employees and with others outside the company.
Creative Problem-Solving (CPS)
Focus: Approaching legal problems and disputes with resources and resolutions aimed at creating a wholly new outcome.
Also based at CWSL, this approach encourages lawyers to use the broadest array of creative problem-solving techniques
to achieve better results for their clients. The law school teaches the kinds of creative-thinking processes that are often taught
in progressive business schools. It encourages lawyers to be trained in creative thinking and to have many different
tools—in addition to litigation—at their disposal. CPS seeks many points of view and examines problems for
their relational impacts at all levels: individual, institutional, societal, and international. CPS seeks to develop
solution systems based upon what is learned about a problem, rather than what is habitually done. It is a caring approach
that seeks transformative solutions to redefine problems, expand resources, and facilitate enhanced relationships between
the parties. Legal educational programs that include such notions and techniques set a standard emphasizing the development
of broader approaches to legal professional services. Awareness of this development can be used to evaluate legal education
or continuing education options for lawyers seeking to expand and enhance their skills in practicing law.
Restorative Justice (RJ)
Focus: Repairing the harms resulting from crime to all affected parties—allowing victims to move from anger to
forgiveness, perpetrators to be involved in making the repair, and communities to reunite.
With more than 1,000 programs in North America; more than 2,000 in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand; and initiatives
underway in Central and South America, Asia, and Africa, RJ has emerged as a social movement for justice reform. Almost every
U.S. state is implementing RJ at state, regional, and/or local levels, and a growing number of states have officially adopted
RJ principles and policies. The American Bar Association has issued a formal endorsement and guidelines for application of RJ
programs and principles.
Our traditional system of punitive/retributive justice asks three questions: who did it, what laws were broken, and what
should be done to punish (or in some cases, treat) the offender? Instead of viewing crime primarily as a violation of law
requiring punishment, RJ emphasizes one fundamental fact — crime harms people, communities, and relationships. A restorative-justice
inquiry poses three very different questions. First, what harm resulted from the crime? Second, what needs to be done to
"make it right" or repair the harm? Third, who is responsible for the repair?
Accepting punishment under criminal laws is passive and requires no responsibility or affirmative acts from the offender.
An RJ approach holds the offender accountable by facilitating and enforcing reparative agreements, including restitution. RJ
recognizes that we must give offenders the opportunity to right their wrongs and redeem themselves, in their own eyes and in
the eyes of the community. Victims and the community must have the opportunity to take active roles in the resolution of crime.
RJ views our crime problem as a community matter that can never be adequately addressed by delegating the sole responsibility to
police, courts, and correctional systems. RJ is not any one program, but rather, a different paradigm for understanding and
responding to issues of crime and justice. It takes many forms, such as bringing offenders face to face with the victims of
their crimes, with the assistance of a trained mediator or facilitator, often a community volunteer. Victim participation is
always voluntary, and offender participation is voluntary in most programs. The success stories are many.
In mediation/dialogue, crime is personalized as offenders learn the human consequences of their actions, and victims
have the opportunity to speak their minds and their feelings to the one who most ought to hear them, contributing to the victim's
healing. Victims get answers to haunting questions that only the offender can answer. The most commonly asked questions are: Why
did you do this to me? Was this my fault? Could I have prevented this? Were you stalking or watching me? Victims commonly report
a new peace of mind, even when the answers to their questions are worse than they had feared.
Offenders take meaningful responsibility for their actions by mediating a restitution agreement with the victim to restore
the victims' losses in whatever ways possible. Restitution may be monetary or symbolic; it may consist of work for the victim,
meaningful community service or other actions that contribute to a sense of justice between the victim, others affected by the
crime, and the offender.
The Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM) program and the Victim-Offender Reconciliation program (VORP) have been mediating
meaningful justice between crime victims and offenders for about 30 years, and are supported by a substantial body of research.
Remarkably consistent statistics from a cross-section of the North American programs show that about two-thirds of the cases
referred to programs result in a face-to-face mediation. More than 95 percent of the cases result in a written restitution
agreement. More than 90 percent of those restitution agreements are completed within one year. In contrast, the rate of payment
of court-ordered restitution is typically only from 20 to 30 percent. Research has shown that juvenile offenders who participate
in VOM/VORP subsequently commit fewer and less-serious offenses than their counterparts in the traditional juvenile justice system.
Most VOM/VORP programs limit their work to property offenses or offenses of lesser violence committed by juveniles.
The fast-growing trend is to expand the application to adult offenders and crimes of severe violence, including homicides. In
juvenile offenses and in minor crimes committed by adults, RJ processes may be substituted for, or supplement, court action.
In crimes of severe violence, RJ has seldom been a substitute for prosecution; RJ processes have been used to create more meaningful
sentencing for offenders and their victims.
VOM/VORP is not appropriate for every crime, every victim, or every offender.
Individual, preliminary meetings between mediator and victim, and mediator and offender, are essential for careful screening and
assessment according to established criteria. Even if not appropriate for mediation/dialogue, the resolution of most crimes can
benefit from some application of RJ principles.
New Approaches to Mediation
Focus: Expanding the facilitation of parties fashioning their own dispute resolution to include their own personal learning
and development.
As mediation has become more accepted and institutionalized, new approaches have arisen, many tailored
to the organization or system in which they are employed. While the success of a typical mediation process is measured by whether
settlement is reached, transformative mediation often has broader goals. At least three distinct approaches to transformative
mediation are in wide use, all of which contrast themselves at least somewhat with mediation when used simply in place of a
settlement conference.
The first approach to transformative mediation is based upon a book by Robert A. Baruch Bush
and Joseph P. Folger called The Promise of Mediation: Responding to Conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition. This form
of transformative mediation is a process whereby the parties in conflict can change the quality of their conflict interaction.
The focus is not only on resolution, but provides conscious emphasis on transforming the interaction from negative and destructive
to positive and constructive. Practitioners use the complementary models of empowerment and recognition. In this model, the focus
is on revealing and understanding the underlying dynamics of the conflict, to both resolve the presenting issue and prevent future similar ones.
Gary Friedman and Jack Himmelstein, co-founders and co-directors of The Center for Mediation in Law, teach another
transformative mediation model dedicated to integrating mediative principles into the practice of law and the resolution of
legal disputes, with a focus on empowering the people involved. Their model is described as the "Understanding Model." In it, the goal is to reach deeper levels of values and meaning, and to attain the means to more lasting and healing resolutions
generally not even addressed in adversarial proceedings. Such approaches often have the power to heal even profound social
wounds. Successes have been reported by some even in death-penalty cases, where family members of the victim meet the death-row inmate.
Attorney Barbara Ashley Phillips, author of The Mediation Field Guide, has still another distinctive approach that focuses on
the "inner aspects" of conflict resolution. She is director of the North American Institute for Conflict Resolution.
Problem-Solving Courts
Focus: Expanding legal remedies with practical real-life focused, future-development-oriented solutions.
Problem-solving courts include drug-treatment, domestic-violence, homeless, drunk-driving, and mental-illness courts.
They address societal issues that are larger than any individual case. For example, the drug-treatment court is designed to
interrupt the cycle of substance abuse. Using this process, defendants identified as addicted enter a structured recovery
program with built-in incentives for success. There are now over a thousand drug-treatment courts in the United States.
Community Lawyering or Community-Oriented Lawyering
Focus: Including the source of problems for corrective action planning involving members of affected communities, rather
than just punitive measures, particularly in government-regulated circumstances.
Community lawyering is a movement where the lawyers, especially those in government, public interest, and similar
settings, work together to address the underlying problems that result in clients being in court, as well as to promote the
welfare of the community. Community lawyering includes:
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Using the law proactively to assist in community problem solving on crime reduction, quality-of-life issues,
and economic development. |
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Making "the system" work to meet community needs. |
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Using the law as a positive energy to assist in community building and affirmation. |
Community lawyers take on projects that get to the source of recurring cases in the court system. Housing issues
are one example. For example, instead of litigating one tenant issue after another, a community lawyer might work to
create standards for rental units. Community lawyering projects involve ways of practicing law by attorneys who take a
direct working interest in the peace and safety of particular places, and work to generate outcomes the community values,
in addition to winning cases. Community-oriented lawyers work in a wide variety of settings, such as prosecutors, police
departments, municipal attorneys, nonprofits, private firms, criminal defenders, judges, and law-school clinics.
Peacemaking
Focus: Healing conflict in a broader sense that enhances the overall well-being of all involved — clients,
attorneys, local to multi-national communities, human consciousness as a whole.
This approach centers on the peaceful
resolution of disputes. Many lawyers consider themselves to be peacemakers, sometimes even in the murder-prevention business
with very emotional clients. Lawyers can express their value as peacemakers in many ways. Some have actually created
organizations dealing with international conflict. An example is Ambassador John McDonald — a lawyer, diplomat, former
international civil servant, development expert, and peacebuilder. Concerned about world social, economic, and ethnic
problems, he spent 20 years of his career in Western Europe and the Middle East and worked for 16 years on United Nations
economic and social affairs. His current work is as chairman and co-founder of the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy.
Others seek to heal and bring peace at a more personal, energetic level like attorney Jill Dahlquist and psychotherapist
Johanna Halgren, facilitators of Group Peace Process (GPP). GPP utilizes various energy healing techniques to create a group
energy in which conflicts can be transcended. Conflicted relationships between spouses, parents/children, business associates,
attorneys, litigating parties, etc. can be transformed so that the highest and best interests of all the parties in the
group can be manifested. The legacy of past conflicts can be healed and people can gain a greater sense of inner peace
that can then be reflected into the outside world.
Sharif M. Abdullah, J.D., has written and spoken on campaigns
for expanding the consciousness for peace, as the founder and director of Commonway Institute and the Common Society Movement.
His most recent project involves helping to bring peace to Sri Lanka, ending a long-term war.
Contemplative Practice
Focus: Enhancing the inclusion of spiritual and other values and meaning in approaches to the practice of law.
Lawyers often seek relief from personal stress through meditation and then discover that meditation leads to further
growth. The Center for Contemplative Mind in Society has a program focused on law. Through contemplative law retreats,
they have addressed questions and ideas from contemplative and legal perspectives, including the nature of winning and
losing, the role of compassion in adversarial situations, truth and "right speech," Socratic and contemplative methods
of inquiry, action and non-action, separation and connection, and listening. Many lawyers are integrating their spiritual
and religious practices into their legal life. Pioneered by Steven Keeva's book Transforming Practices, Finding Joy and
Satisfaction in the Legal Life, this approach to law allows for the inclusion of the lawyer's spiritual values, as well
as those of the client. Keeva's book looks at several different approaches based upon values and life purpose, viewing
the practice of law as a "ministry" focused on healing, service, mindfulness, contemplation, and listening.
The Project on Integrating Spirituality, Law and Politics
Focus: Expanding transformational law principles into the political arena.
The project is a group of lawyers and legal educators committed to the integration of spirituality and politics,
and the incorporation of a spiritual-political understanding into American legal culture. The national conference on the
Politics of Meaning, held in 1996 in Washington, D.C., drew 1,800 participants committed to a new spiritual-political
vision of social transformation. Growing out of that conference, a law task force has had monthly conference-call meetings,
held annual retreats, made presentations, and organized several events around the country. Members of the task force
have written and spoken widely on the need for legal culture to transform itself to address the social alienation—those
distortions in human relationship resulting from living in an isolated, individualistic, and materialistic culture blind to the
communal longings of the human soul—that is at the heart of much social conflict. The project is hosted by New College
of California, where its leader, Peter Gabel, teaches public-interest law as well as lectures on culture, ecology, and
sustainable community. The mission of the task force is to seek to transform legal culture, within the United States and
internationally, so that law can become a vehicle for creating a loving and caring world.
Legal Counseling
Focus: Enhancing the role of lawyer as confidant, educator, co-planner, advisor, and counselor from a more inclusive
perspective than just legal issues.
This is a relatively new approach being developed by Eva van Loon, a lawyer working on an advanced counseling degree.
Van Loon has noted that many clients are not even clear enough about their goals to choose their lawyer or to make decisions
through the process. Van Loon's program trains lawyers and others to help clients identify their plan of action so they may
choose the appropriate lawyer and then pursue the appropriate course of action in their legal dispute. The approach
incorporates into law practice notions of informed consent as they are applied in the medical context.
Coaching
Focus: Helping lawyers utilize their best skills, talents, and interests, and helping them work with clients to expand
client choices in legal issues.
Many lawyers have found practice support by hiring a coach; other lawyers find they are suited to the role of being
a coach. At times, lawyers hire coaches to work with their clients. A professional coach in this context is a trained
professional who assists clients in creating their futures and designing plans to achieve those futures. A coach is a
personal partner who works with clients and helps them make their own decisions and take actions consistent with their
commitments. This coaching perspective may enhance the delivery or pursuit of legal services for some clients. A coach
assumes that the client has the answers and knows what there is to do, but may need some guidance in discovering those
answers and then implementing them for effective long-term change. Coaching skills include deep, committed listening;
intuition; and inquiry. Some lawyers who apply coaching skills with their clients may also take on unbundling services,
assisting pro se litigants, and coaching divorce clients. Some lawyers are discovering that they enjoy coaching other
lawyers to find greater fulfillment in their lives and the practice of law. There are now many coaching schools and
training programs. Coach U, Inc., one of the first coach-training programs in the world, sponsors a special-interest
group of coaches who work with lawyers.
Conclusion
Creative lawyering requires overcoming resistance to change and skepticism about new ideas. As this article and
others in this issue of Bar News demonstrate, there is a world of alternatives to a one-size-fits-all practice. No
one of the transformational alternatives we describe will suit every situation, but they may bear trying out. Lawyers
and their clients might each end up happier and more satisfied than they were when suiting up in armor was the only choice.
Transformational Law Resources
Online Resources
California Western School of Law: www.cwsl.edu
The Center for Contemplative Mind in Society: www.contemplativemind.org/programs/law/
The Center for Mediation in Law: www.mediationinlaw.org
Center for Restorative Justice and Peace-making: http://ssw.che.umn.edu/rjp
CoachInc.com (Coach U, Corporate Coach U): www.coachinc.com
The Common Society Movement: www.commonsocietymovement.com
Common Way: www.commonway.org
Community Lawyering: www.communitylaw.org/communitylawyering.htm
Creative Problem Solving curriculum at CWSL: www.cwsl.edu/ ...
Susan Daicoff: www.fcsl.edu/faculty/daicoff/law.htm
Garlo Ward, P.C. (Dolly M. Garlo): www.garloward.com
Group Peace Process: www.grouppeace.com
Healers of Conflicts: www.healersofconflicts.com
Healing in the Law Project: www.healingandthelaw.org
Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy: www.imtd.org
International Academy of Collaborative Professionals: www.collabgroup.com
International Alliance of Holistic Lawyers: www.iahl.org
International Centre for Justice and Reconciliation: www.restorativejustice.org
International Coach Federation: www.coachfederation.org/training/programs.htm
International Network on Therapeutic Jurisprudence: www.therapeuticjurisprudence.org
Justice Programs Office of the School of Public Affairs at The American University: www.american.edu/justice/drugcourts.html
Mediation: www.mediate.com
National Center for Preventive Law: www.preventivelawyer.org
North American Institute for Conflict Resolution: www.crtraining.org
The Preventive Law Reporter: www.law.du.edu/plr
The Project for Integrating Spirituality, Law, and Politics: www.spiritlawpolitics.org
Renaissance Lawyer Society: www.renaissancelawyer.com
Study of Conflict Transformation at Hofstra School of Law: www.hofstra.edu/law/isct
Thrive!! Inc.: www.allthrive.com
Transforming Practices (Steven Keeva): www.transformingpractices.com
Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP) Information and Resource Center: www.vorp.com
Victim Offender Mediation Association: www.voma.org
VORP Information and Resource Center: www.vorp.com
Print Resources
The Bank Teller and Other Essays on the Politics of Meaning, Peter Gabel (Acada Books, 2000)
The Mediation Field Guide, Barbara Ashley Phillips (Jossey-Bass, 2001)
The Promise of Mediation: Responding to Conflict Through Empowerment and Recognition, Robert A. Baruch Bush and Joseph P. Folger (Jossey-Bass, 1994)
Restorative Justice: A Vision for Healing and Change, Susan Sharpe (Edmonton Victim Offender Mediation Society, 1998)
Restoring Justice, Daniel Van Ness and Karen Strong (Anderson Publishing Co., 1997)
Tikkun magazine, Peter Gabel, co-editor
Transcending: Reflections of Crime Victims, Howard Zehr (Herald Press, 2001)
Transforming Practices, Finding Joy and Satisfaction in the Legal Life, Steven Keeva (Contemporary Books, 1999)
_____________________
J. Kim Wright, J.D., coaches lawyers and is publisher of www.CuttingEdgeLaw.com. She is the founder
of Renaissance Lawyer Society, a nonprofit organization of leaders in the new paradigm of law practice. She is a frequent contributor to legal periodicals and
speaks on the topic of visionary law. She can be reached at kim@jkimwright.com.
Dolly M. Garlo, R.N., J.D., P.C.C., is a founding member of the Renaissance Lawyer Society board of directors. Licensed
to practice law in Utah and Texas, she founded her own law firm in Austin, Texas, Garlo Ward, P.C., a general civil
practice with a focus on legal services for healthcare professionals and facilities involved in governmental regulatory
disputes, with an emphasis on preventive law and client legal education. She also built and currently operates a
business-development and personal-effectiveness coaching, consulting, and training company called Thrive!! Inc.
Contact her at dmgarlo@allthrive.com.
Marty Price, J.D., has over 25 years of mediation experience. He is the founder of the VORP Information and Resource
Center. He offers trainings in restorative justice and has been internationally recognized for his work in victim-offender
mediation in crimes of severe violence. He is currently a mediator and counselor for Healers of Conflicts.
He can be reached at martyprice@vorp.com.
© 2003 by Dolly M. Garlo and J. Kim Wright.
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